MRW 006 Solved Assignment 2024-25
Bioenergy Conversion and Utilization
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25 : All assignments are in PDF format which would be send
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Assignment Code: ASST/ MRW 006 /2024-25
Marks: 100
Attempt all the questions:
Q.1 a) Explain in
detail the biotic and abiotic degradation of plastic.
Plastic degradation is a complex process influenced by both biotic (involving living organisms) and abiotic (non-living factors) mechanisms. These processes vary depending on the type of plastic, environmental conditions, and the presence of specific organisms. Let's delve into each type of degradation:
Biotic degradation involves the action of living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, which break down plastic materials. These organisms possess enzymes that can catalyze the breakdown of certain chemical bonds in plastics. However, it's important to note that not all plastics are easily biodegradable, and the effectiveness of biotic degradation varies greatly depending on the type of plastic and the environmental conditions.
Bacteria: Some
bacteria have evolved the ability to utilize plastics as a carbon source. For
example, certain species of bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
and Ideonella have been found to degrade plastics like polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE). These bacteria produce enzymes, such
as PETase and cutinase, which can break down the polymer chains of plastics
into smaller molecules that can be utilized as nutrients.
Fungi: Fungi,
particularly certain species of molds and yeasts, also play a role in plastic
degradation. They secrete enzymes like lipases and esterases that can hydrolyze
ester bonds present in some plastics. Fungi have been observed to degrade
various types of plastics, including polyethylene, polyurethane, and
polystyrene.
Algae: While
less studied compared to bacteria and fungi, some algae have been found to
possess the capability to degrade certain types of plastics. Algae can secrete
extracellular enzymes that aid in breaking down the polymer chains of plastics.
2. Abiotic
Degradation:
Abiotic
degradation involves non-living factors such as sunlight (UV radiation), heat,
mechanical stress, and chemical reactions. These factors can cause physical and
chemical changes in plastics, ultimately leading to their degradation.
Photodegradation:
Exposure to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can cause
photodegradation of plastics. UV radiation breaks the chemical bonds in
plastics, leading to chain scission and the formation of smaller molecules.
This process is accelerated in environments with high UV intensity, such as
tropical regions. Plastics left outdoors are particularly susceptible to
photodegradation.
Thermal
Degradation: Heat can also accelerate the degradation of plastics. When
plastics are subjected to high temperatures, the polymer chains can break
apart, leading to the formation of smaller molecules, gases, and char. This
process is often observed in industrial settings, such as during the
manufacturing or recycling of plastics.
Mechanical
Degradation: Mechanical stress, such as abrasion and shearing forces, can
physically break down plastics into smaller pieces. This process is especially
significant in marine environments, where plastic debris is subjected to
constant agitation by waves and currents, leading to fragmentation into
microplastics.
Chemical
Degradation: Chemical reactions, including oxidation and hydrolysis, can
contribute to the degradation of plastics. Oxygen in the air can react with
plastics, leading to oxidation and embrittlement. Hydrolysis, which involves
the reaction of plastics with water, can also break down polymer chains,
particularly in hydrolyzable plastics like polylactic acid (PLA).
Overall, the
degradation of plastics is a complex interplay between biotic and abiotic
factors. While biodegradation by microorganisms offers potential for plastic
waste management, abiotic degradation processes also play significant roles,
particularly in the fragmentation of plastics into smaller particles.
Understanding these degradation mechanisms is crucial for developing effective
strategies for mitigating plastic pollution and managing plastic waste.
b) Describe the Relationship between Gross
National Product (GNP) and Municipal Solid Waste Generation.
Q.2 Highlight
elaborately about the location criteria and data collection of landfill. How to
estimate landfill cost based on Preliminary Design?
Q.3 Mention principle
components of enzyme. Describe the factors affecting enzyme activity.
Q.4 Describe the
methods of pyrolysis and combustion & mention the significance of these
processes in biomass conversion.
Q.5 a) Describe
supercritical fluid extraction?
b) Differentiate
between ultrasound assisted and pressure assisted solvent extraction.
Q.6 Define meta
genomics. State mathematical model for bacterial growth.
Q.7 Define bio
refining. Discuss about the development and use of process models to predict
the economic output of the considered bio refinery process.
Q.8 Describe the
processes of transformation of Biogas into Renewable Natural Gas.
Q.9 Explain in detail
the national hydrogen energy mission.
Q.10 Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:
a) Butanol
b) Characteristics of
fuels utilized in SI engine
c) Production of
Ethanol
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25 : All assignments are in PDF format which would be send
on email/WhatsApp (9958676204) just after payment.
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25, MRW 006 Solved Assignment 2024-25, MRW 006 Solved Assignment
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they will also checkout their assignment marks & result. All this is often
available in a web mode. After submitting the assignment, you'll check you MRW
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